Atomic-level nature of solid/liquid interface for energy conversion revealed by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

Self-oscillating mode for frequency modulation noncontact atomic force microscopy

Molecularly clean ionic liquid/rubrene single-crystal interfaces revealed by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy.

The structural properties of ionic liquid/rubrene single-crystal interfaces were investigated using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. The spontaneous dissolution of rubrene molecules into the ionic liquid was triggered by surface defects such as rubrene oxide defects, and the dissolution rate strongly depended on the initial conditions of the rubrene surface. Dissolution of the seco...

Direct Imaging of Water/Lipid Interface by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy at Sub-Angstrom Resolution

Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) has been used in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environments for investigating subnanometer-scale structures and functions of various surfaces. Until recently, however, its operating environment had been limited only to UHV, which has prevented its practical applications in air and liquids. Recently, Fukuma et al. presented a way to overcome this l...

True atomic-resolution imaging of (1014) calcite in aqueous solution by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy.

Calcite (CaCO3) is one of the most abundant minerals on earth and plays an important role in a wide range of different fields including, for example, biomineralization and environmental geochemistry. Consequently, surface processes and reactions such as dissolution and growth as well as (macro)molecule adsorption are of greatest interest for both applied as well as fundamental research. An in-d...

Physical interpretation of frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy

Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy is a method for imaging the surface of metals, semiconductors and insulators in ultrahigh vacuum with true atomic resolution. The imaging signal in this technique is the frequency shift D f of an oscillating cantilever with eigenfrequency f 0 , spring constant k and amplitude A, which is subject to tip-sample forces Fts . Here, we present analytical ...